Fig. 5

Effects of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae on fungi. A Fungal quantity of mixed cultures of S. cerevisiae and feces from mice treated with no gavage, NaCl (Ctrl) or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Amox) diluted in PBS, expressed in CFU. Experiment was done 1 time. B Fungal quantity of mixed cultures of S. cerevisiae and bacteria isolated from feces of an antibiotic mouse, expressed in CFU. For statistical comparisons, (*) indicates versus BHI, experiment was done 3 times. C Fungal quantity of mixed cultures of S. cerevisiae and Enterobacter hormaechei either alive (AL) or dead (DE) or the corresponding bacterial supernatant (SN), Escherichia coli AL, DE, or SN, or Enterococcus faecalis AL, DE, or SN, expressed in CFU. For statistical comparisons, (*) indicates versus BHI, experiment was done 6 times. D Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of mixed cultures of S. cerevisiae and E. hormaechei (upper panel), E. coli (middle panel), or E. faecalis (lower panel) (1 µm). E Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of mixed cultures of S. cerevisiae and E. hormaechei (upper panel) or E. coli (lower panel). F Human microbiota-associated mice treated with PBS/glycerol (Ctrl), E. hormaechei, E. coli, or E. faecalis. Ctrl n = 15, E. hormaechei n = 15, E. coli n = 15, E. faecalis n = 15, experiment was done 2 times. F Fungal quantity in feces after 10 days of bacterial treatment, determined by qPCR. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001