Table 1 Bacterial genes upregulated in the erosion group samples (log2FC; log twofold change, %; percentage relative abundance, p adjusted < 0.05)

1.06

3.84E − 02

8.02E − 02

msrAB; peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase msrA/msrB [EC:1.8.4.11 1.8.4.12]

Catalyses methionine sulfoxide in proteins into methionine

1.26

6.81E − 03

1.63E − 02

efeO; iron uptake system component EfeO

Iron uptake

1.32

2.56E − 02

6.38E − 02

vanY; zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase [EC:3.4.17.14]

Bacterial cell wall metabolism metallopeptidase

LD-carboxypeptidase LdcB/DacB

1.33

3.57E − 03

8.95E − 03

kinB; two-component system, sporulation sensor kinase B [EC:2.7.13.3]

Alginate biosynthesis

Putative membrane protein

1.37

1.74E − 02

4.51E − 02

exoZ; exopolysaccharide production protein ExoZ

Acetyltransferase

Acetyltransferase

1.38

8.72E − 05

2.27E − 04

ttdA; L( +)-tartrate dehydratase alpha subunit [EC:4.2.1.32]

Transcription factor

1.51

1.23E − 02

3.50E − 02

mprF, fmtC; phosphatidylglycerol lysyltransferase [EC:2.3.2.3]

Multiple peptide resistance factor

1.54

5.52E − 04

1.60E − 03

EPHX1; microsomal epoxide hydrolase [EC:3.3.2.9]

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase

1.66

1.12E − 04

3.54E − 04

uspB; universal stress protein B

Ethanol resistance gene

Helicase PriA essential for oriC/DnaA-independent DNA replication

1.69

1.17E − 03

3.77E − 03

kefF; glutathione-regulated potassium-efflux system ancillary protein KefF

Potassium efflux

1.70

1.14E − 02

3.71E − 02

poxB; pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone) [EC:1.2.5.1]

Cell membrane enzyme

1.81

3.62E − 02

1.27E − 01

ME2, sfcA, maeA; malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) [EC:1.1.1.38]

Malic enzyme

1.86

2.40E − 03

8.69E − 03

mpaA; protein MpaA

Peptidoglycan degradation

LPXTG cell wall surface protein, zinc carboxypeptidase family

1.97

1.27E − 04

4.98E − 04

lcdH, cdhA; carnitine 3-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.108]

Oxidation of L-carnitine to 3-dehydrocarnitine

Cell division protein FtsQ

1.97

9.30E − 05

3.66E − 04

K09964; uncharacterized protein

Uncharacterised

2.02

3.26E − 02

1.32E − 01

K07396; putative protein-disulfide isomerase

Putative protein-disulfide isomerase

DsbA family oxidoreductase

2.07

4.14E − 03

1.74E − 02

uctC; CoA:oxalate CoA-transferase [EC:2.8.3.19]

Oxalate CoA-transferase

2.17

9.16E − 03

4.11E − 02

traG; conjugal transfer mating pair stabilization protein TraG

NTP hydrolases for bacterial conjugation

MucBP domain-containing protein

2.17

7.43E − 04

3.34E − 03

salR; two-component system, NarL family, secretion system response regulator SalR

Nitrate regulatory gene

2.18

6.68E − 04

3.03E − 03

gluB; glutamate transport system substrate-binding protein

Glutamate transport system substrate-binding protein

2.19

9.53E − 04

4.35E − 03

raxB, cvaB; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, bacterial RaxB /

Adenylate cyclase and type I secretion system

Peptidase domain-containing ABC transporter

2.20

1.75E − 05

8.22E − 05

lrgA; holin-like protein

Inhibits the expression or activity of extracellular murein hydrolases

2.22

5.04E − 04

2.35E − 03

ACADL; long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.8.8]

Long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

2.30

3.31E − 04

1.63E − 03

ppdC; prepilin peptidase dependent protein C /unknown function

Pilus biogenesis

2.43

1.87E − 04

1.01E − 03

ACR3, arsB; arsenite transporter

Arsenic resistance system, transporter

Citrate transporter

2.67

6.56E − 04

4.19E − 03

adaA; AraC family transcriptional regulator, regulatory protein of adaptative response

Transcriptional regulator

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase, 6.3.2.6, SAICAR synthetase

2.73

3.27E − 05

2.21E-04

adiC; arginine:agmatine antiporter

Arginine dependent acid resistance

PrgI family protein

3.25

3.15E − 04

3.00E − 03

pksJ; polyketide synthase PksJ

Involved in the pathway bacillaene biosynthesis

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase

3.33

1.25E − 04

1.26E − 03

K09388; uncharacterized protein

Uncharacterised

3.85

4.64E − 05

6.77E − 04

pscB; photosystem P840 reaction center iron-sulfur protein

Bacterial inmunity

Type I-E CRISPR-associated protein Cas7/Cse4/CasC

3.96

7.43E − 05

1.17E − 03

atuB; citronellol/citronellal dehydrogenase

Citronellol/citronellal dehydrogenase

Amino acid transporter

4.17

5.93E − 06

1.15E − 04

K09120; uncharacterized protein

Uncharacterised

4.21

2.29E − 04

4.25E − 03

PMA1, PMA2; H + -transporting ATPase [EC:7.1.2.1]

Active transport of protons

ABC transporter ATP-binding protein