Fig. 6
Characterization of the host protein profile as stratified by the luminal and tissue-adherent microbiome study groups. All study samples were assessed for significant differences in protein levels across the study groups. a,b The five luminal study groups and c,d the five corresponding tissue groups. a, c Proteins with a p-value > 0.05 were omitted from the heatmap. Proteins with significantly different levels across the groups were clustered by hierarchical agglomerative clustering using inverse Pearson’s correlation as distance measure and Ward’s method (“ward. D2”) for linkage. Color-coded rows below the heatmaps show clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV, binned Nugent’s scores) and HIV diagnosis, respectively. Color coding for BV: Gray: negative, orange: intermediate, red: positive; and for HIV: Gray: HIV seronegative, red: HIV seropositive. b, d Violin plots of log2 transformed cytokine levels across the luminal and tissue study groups (as indicated on the x-axis), respectively. The asterisk and lines indicate statistically significant results of Dunn’s test with Benjamini Hochberg’s correction analysis. Adjusted p-values: * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001, **** < 0.0001