Fig. 4

Potential hosts of CPR bacteria. a Similarity-based sub-network shows associations between non-CPR bacteria/archaea and the dominant CPR bacteria that are found in at least one AS sample with relative abundance > 0.5%. The edge colors show positive (red) and negative associations (blue). The node shapes represent the non-CPR bacteria/archaea (square) and CPR bacteria (circle). b Heatmap summarizes the taxonomic affiliation of the potential hosts of abundant CPR bacteria at the class level. The color represents the number of observed associations between the given CPR bacterium and bacterial host lineage (class)