Fig. 6

DI supplementation improved cognition and synaptic ultrastructure through the gut microbiome. a Pearson’s correlations among the effects of DI supplementation on gut microbiome, neuroinflammation of the hippocampus, and cognitive behaviors. b Schematic strategy for fecal microbiome transplantation. c Percentage of time spent with the object in the novel place to total object exploration time. d The total object exploration time in the object location test. e Representative track plots in object location test. f Percentage of time spent with the novel object to total object exploration time. g The total object exploration time in novel object recognition test. h Representative track plots in the novel object recognition test. i The nest score and j untorn nestlet weight. k Representative nest results in nesting building tests. n = 8 mice for each group in these behavior tests. l–n Statistical analysis of the thickness of PSD, length of AZ, and width of SC in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (n = 2, 8 images per mouse). o Representative ultrastructure of synapses in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus on the electron micrograph (scale bar: 100 nm). Values are mean ± SEM. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001