Fig. 4

DI supplementation restored colonic immune homeostasis and alleviated colonic mucosa barrier impairment in mice on HF diet. a Immunofluorescence images of colonic sections stained with F4/80 (red) and DAPI (blue). b The quantification of F4/80⁺ cells (n = 3, 5 images per mouse, scale bar: 50 μm). c–e The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the colon (n = 6). f Immunofluorescence images of colonic sections stained with IL-23 (red) and DAPI (blue). g The quantification of IL-23⁺ cells (n = 3, 5 images per mouse, scale bar: 50 μm). h–j The mRNA expression of IL-23, IL-22, and Reg3γ in the colon (n = 6). k Alcian blue-stained colonic sections were showing the mucus layer (arrows). (scale bar: 100 μm). Opposing black arrows with shafts delineate the mucus layer measured. l Immunofluorescence images of colonic sections stained with ZO-1 (red) and DAPI (blue). m The quantification of ZO-1⁺ cells (n = 3, 5 images per mouse, scale bar: 50 μm). n, o The mRNA expression of ZO-1, and occludin in the colonic tissues (n = 6). p The serum levels of LPS (n = 7). Values are mean ± SEM ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001