Fig. 4

Composition and the key microflora of the colonic microbiota in FMT-treated mice. A Relative abundances of colonic microbiota at the phylum level in the 3 groups. B Relative abundances of gut microbiota at the genus level in the 3 groups. C Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was performed to identify the bacteria that are differentially represented between the different groups. D–K Relative abundance of p_Bacteroidota, p_Proteobacteria, c_Gammaproteobacteria, g_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, g_Eubacterium_xylanophilum, g_Ruminococcus_1, g_ Lachnospiraceae_A2, and g_Turicionas in the colon microbiota based on the LefSe results. Solid and dashed lines indicate the mean and median, respectively. CON-FMT: receiving control microbiota FMT mice, SD-FMT: receiving sleep deprivation microbiota FMT mice, SD + Mel-FMT: receiving SD + Mel (20 mg/kg) microbiota FMT mice