Fig. 2

Bacterial taxa stratify by HIV status in IgG-bound BAL. A Unsorted (left) and IgG-bound (right) NMDS plots are displayed side by side to compare the differences in beta diversity observed when individuals are grouped by HIV status. We used Manhattan distance to visualize the sample clustering and performed a multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to compare the bacterial communities in PLWH and HIV-uninfected individuals in both unsorted (raw) and IgG-bound BAL samples. Smaller dots signify the microbial community of individual samples, while the larger centroids represent the statistical average in each grouping (red = PLWH, blue = HIV uninfected). There were no taxonomic differences between PLWH and HIV-uninfected individuals in unsorted samples (p = 0.07); however, bacterial communities were stratified by HIV status in IgG-bound BAL samples (p = 0.008). B Stacked bar plots depict the relative abundance of bacteria in unsorted and IgG-bound BAL samples in PLWH. Pseudomonas was seen in greater abundance in IgG-bound samples when compared to unsorted samples. C Stacked bar plots depict the relative abundance of bacteria in unsorted and IgG-bound BAL samples in HIV-uninfected individuals