Fig. 2

Source-tracking analysis of gut bacterial populations and the phylogenetic tree reconstruction of culturable isolate 16S rRNA genes. a–c Source model of microbiome (SMM) showing the possible sources of gut-associated bacterial communities based on all three sample types (n = 270). a Source-tracking analysis graph that represents predictions of sources, with colored violin plots representing the proportion of each source in a sample. Unknown indicates classification of unknown sources and error lines indicate the standard deviation of 100 Gibbs samples. ‘***’ was used to identify statistical significance (p < 0.05). b Schematic showing that CW complete its life cycle on a C. oleifera tree. c Results of microbiome source tracking analysis among the three types of samples. The arrows point from the source microbiome to the affected microbiome and the color of the arrow represents the degree of influence. The thickness of lines is equivalent to the source contribution. The red arrow indicates significance test p < 0.05, while the blue arrow indicates insignificance. d Phylogenetic tree reconstruction of culturable strain 16S rRNA genes. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) trees exhibited the same topological structure, and the support of nodes is expressed by ML/BI bootstraps. Only node supports of > 0.55/55 are shown in the visualization