Fig. 4

Heterochronic FMT reverses age-associated breakdown of epithelial barrier integrity and systemic inflammation. A ELISA analysis of serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) in young and aged mice (n = 6–8/group) before and after heterochronic FMT. B ELISA analysis of serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (n = 8/group). C Serum levels of IL-6 were analyzed by multiplex magnetic bead assay (Luminex) (n = 5/group). D TNF levels in small intestinal tissue lysates as measured by specific ELISA (n = 5–8/group). Statistical comparison between ages and between FMT and PBS groups by Welch’s t test; error bars denote 95% CI; significant results in bold black text