Fig. 6
a Abundance of potential antibiotic-resistant bacteria (PARB) carrying human virulent factors (HVF) in hospital and urban PM2.5 samples in summer and winter. The HVF-PARB classified within the identical phylum are in the same color, and the MGE-associated genomic ARGs are presented in squares, the size of which are proportional to the number of resistance types of ARGs hosted by the HVF-PARB. b The AMR risk scores were estimated using MetaCompare. The x, y, and z axes represent the portions of contigs concerning the ARGs, MGE-associated ARGs, and pathogen-hosting ARGs to the total assembled contigs. The black dot (vertex) indicates the theoretically highest AMR risk, and the relative-risk score of each sample is labeled. The red and blue dots indicate the hospital and urban samples, respectively. The summer and winter samples are represented by circles and squares, respectively. c Intake rate of the HVF-PARB from urban and hospital-influenced air particulates (PM2.5) and drinking water. The quantification of the concentrations and corresponding calculations of the target bacteria genomes were based on the relative abundance of the non-redundant metagenomes in each sample (SI-3)