Fig. 5

Administration of Akkermansia muciniphila (AK) improves intestinal integrity and the haematopoietic phenotype in aged mice. a Experimental scheme for oral administration of AK or vehicle only. AK was orally administered for 36 weeks. To evaluate the rejuvenation efficacy, all mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Aged-vehicle, n = 10; aged-AK, n = 11. b Circulating plasma LPS levels in AK-treated and untreated aged mice. Data are means ± SEMs (*P < 0.05, two-tailed Student’s t test). c–g Gene expression of c barrier-forming tight junction proteins, d mucin, e cell proliferation, f intestinal stem cell and g cell cycle markers in the colon of AK-treated and untreated aged mice. Data are presented as means ± SEMs (*P < 0.05, two-tailed Student’s t test). h Comparison of taxonomic composition, at the genus level, between AK-treated and untreated aged mice. For clarity, the bacterial taxa with an average abundance > 1% at each time point are shown. Blue and red indicate enriched bacterial taxa in young and aged mice, respectively