Fig. 3

SNPs of Type IV pili component genes of Snodgrassella alvi are differentially distributed between the founding workers and the B3 bees in the colony. a A heatmap showing the minor allele frequency for missense SNPs is significantly different in founding workers (O-A’) and the B3 batch of bees (O-A). Each row represents one bee metagenomic sample, and each column is one site in the T4P genes. The tree on the right illustrates a dendrogram of clustering (Ward’s method). b Whole-genome phylogenetic tree of isolated Snodgrassella strains using the maximum-likelihood algorithm based on the concatenation of core protein sequences. The lines aligned to tree leaves represent corresponding gene sequences with missense (red dots) and silent (grey dot) SNPs