Fig. 1

Arthrobacter phylogeny and genome compositional profiling. a Maximum likelihood Arthrobacter phylogenomic tree. The Arthrobacter portion of maximum likelihood Micrococcaceae phylogenomic tree (Additional file 1: Fig. S2a) is reproduced with each leaf marked as polar and alpine (PA, gray highlight) or non-polar and alpine (NPA). The tree has three major clades with the central clade highlighted (purple box). b As for a except Arthrobacter names denoted and font color used to depict Group A (orange font; NPA environments), Group B (olive green font; PA environments clustering with sequences from NPA environments), and Group C (blue font; PA environments that formed an operationally monophyletic lineage with an F measure of 0.95). The specific types of cold environments from where Group C Arthrobacter were isolated are shown to the right of the tree. c Three-dimensional nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of genome-wide amino acid composition. d Distribution of pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI). e Distribution of pairwise average amino acid identity (AAI)