Fig. 3

PD-derived microbiota induced PD-like motor impairments in gut microbiota-depleted mice. a The experimental design for fecal microbiota transplantation. b Bar plots of performance in the behavioral tests including pole test, rotarod test, and open field test. n = 10 per group. c Representative traces in the open field test. Blue point: starting position; red point: ending position. The data represent the mean ± SEM, p < 0.05 was set as the threshold for significance by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc comparisons using Tukey’s test for multiple groups’ comparisons, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001