Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by sex
| Â | Total | Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 1992 | n = 969 | n = 1023 | ||||
Continuous variables | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
 Age (years) | 60.37 | 12.24 | 60.83 | 12.53 | 59.94 | 11.95 |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 96.95 | 14.26 | 102.91 | 12.28 | 91.31 | 13.71 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 27.85 | 5.01 | 28.30 | 4.52 | 27.43 | 5.40 |
 HDL-c (mmol/l) | 1.70 | 0.49 | 1.50 | 0.40 | 1.89 | 0.49 |
 LDL-c (mmol/l) | 3.48 | 0.92 | 3.45 | 0.90 | 3.51 | 0.94 |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.59 | 1.02 | 5.43 | 1.00 | 5.75 | 1.01 |
 Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.39 | 0.83 | 1.56 | 0.98 | 1.24 | 0.63 |
Categorical variables | % | n | % | n | % | n |
 Education | ||||||
  < 13 years | 65.1 | 1297 | 60.2 | 583 | 69.8 | 714 |
  ≥ 13 years | 34.8 | 693 | 39.7 | 385 | 30.1 | 308 |
  NA | 0.1 | 2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 |
 Physical activity | ||||||
  Active | 57.4 | 1143 | 55.4 | 537 | 59.2 | 606 |
  Inactive | 42.6 | 849 | 44.6 | 432 | 40.8 | 417 |
 Smoker | ||||||
  Current | 15.2 | 302 | 15.7 | 152 | 14.7 | 150 |
  Ex- | 38.6 | 769 | 45.5 | 441 | 32.1 | 328 |
  Never | 46.2 | 921 | 38.8 | 376 | 53.3 | 545 |
 Diabetes | ||||||
  Normal glucose tolerance | 47.8 | 952 | 37.4 | 362 | 57.7 | 590 |
  Prediabetes | 34.2 | 681 | 42.3 | 410 | 26.5 | 271 |
  UDM | 4.2 | 84 | 5.2 | 50 | 3.3 | 34 |
  Prevalent T2DM | 10.0 | 200 | 12.3 | 119 | 7.9 | 81 |
  Unknown/other | 3.8 | 75 | 2.9 | 28 | 4.6 | 47 |
 Hypertension | ||||||
  Normal blood pressure | 60.3 | 1202 | 55.3 | 536 | 65.1 | 666 |
  Known HTN, controlled | 26.3 | 523 | 26.6 | 258 | 35.9 | 265 |
  Known HTN, uncontrolled | 6.8 | 136 | 8.4 | 81 | 5.4 | 55 |
  Known HTN, not treated | 4.0 | 80 | 5.7 | 55 | 2.4 | 25 |
  Undiagnosed HTN | 2.5 | 50 | 3.9 | 38 | 1.2 | 12 |
  NA | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 |
 Lipid-lowering medication (yes) | 16.5 | 328 | 19.4 | 188 | 13.7 | 140 |