Fig. 3

Endogenous and exogenous determinants of taxonomically assigned viral community composition within marine sponges. Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot based on Bray-Curtis similarity of genus-level taxonomy for predicted genes. Ordination displays similarities in the viral communities of the fifteen sponge species (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F value = 3.9437, df = 14, P value ≤ 0.001) from the Great Barrier Reef and the Red Sea (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F value = 11.354, df = 1, P value ≤ 0.001) (a), and discriminates between species classified as high microbial abundance (HMA) or low microbial abundance (LMA) (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F value = 6.0159, df = 1, P value ≤ 0.001) and host nutritional modes, classified by the presence or absence of photosymbionts (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F value = 3.2176, df = 1, P value = 0.007) (b)