Fig. 10

Seasonal nutrient cycles in Ace Lake. Nutrient cycling processes depicted for the most abundant Ace Lake bacteria and archaea occurring in summer (a) and winter (b). The nutrient cycles for each season integrate data for taxa peak relative abundance (Figs. 4 and 5; Additional file 1: Dataset S1) and functional potential (Fig. 9; Additional file 1: Table S5-S7), highlighting in particular changes in light-driven processes in the upper zone and interface. Also shown are seasonal differences in ice cover and sunlight penetration (yellow-blue gradient); inputs from algae and exogenous sources; and the peak relative abundances of the major OTUs that contribute to the nutrient cycles (ellipse size). Chlorobium marks the interface between the upper and lower zones. Winter (b) does not include the lower, anoxic zone as it was not sampled during winter. 34-128, Atribacteria 34-128; Arctic95D-9, Verrucomicrobia Arctic95D-9; BACL24, Verrucomicrobia BACL24; BACL25, Microbacteriaceae BACL25; Desulfobac., Desulfobacterium; Desulfocap., Desulfocapsa; JGIOTU-2, Cloacimonetes JGIOTU-2; HTCC2207, Porticoccaceae HTCC2207; MAG-120531, Flavobacteriaceae MAG-120531; Meth. A, Methanothrix_A; MOLA814, Burkholderiaceae MOLA814; NaphS2, Desulfatiglanales NaphS2; S5133MH16, Desulfobacterales S5133MH16; SCGC, Burkholderiaceae SCGC-AAA027-K21; SW10, Verrucomicrobia SW10; UBA2210, Syntrophales UBA2210; UBA2664, Balneolaceae UBA2664; UBA4459, Bacteroidales UBA4459; UBA4506, Verrucomicrobia UBA4506; DHPS, 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate; DMSP, dimethylsulfoniopropionate. Image credits: Animal and plant silhouettes are courtesy of PhyloPic [42]