Fig. 1

The effect of krill oil (KO), alone or in combinations with COX2 and IKK2 inhibitors, on pro-inflammatory cytokines and the transcriptome in human differentiated THP-1 cells treated with LPS. KO decreased LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL1β (a) and TNFα (b) in a dose-dependent manner. c The number of viable cells at various KO dose levels incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. No cytotoxicity became evident at a dose up to 320 μg/ml. d Sample labels. KO displayed a synergistic effect in inhibiting inflammation mediators, such as IL6 (e), NOD2 (f), and CCL2 (g) at 160 μg/ml. h Pathways significantly enriched in differentially expressed genes detected using RNAseq transcriptome analysis. i A heat map showing genes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways regulated by KO and the inhibitors of COX and IKK2, alone or in combinations. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05. ^###p < 0.001 (LPS vs. NC)