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Table 1 Baseline subject’s characteristics

From: Evolution of the gut microbiome following acute HIV-1 infection

 

Recent HIV-1 infection

Chronic HIV-1 infection

HIV-Negative

p value

ART-naive

On ART

RHI vs neg

Overall

N = 202

49

71

27

55

  

Female gender

32 (65%)

52 (73%)

15 (55%)

43 (78%)

0.189

0.154

Age (years)

26 (20; 30)

35 (29; 45.5)

42 (36.5; 46.5)

25 (21; 37)

0.210

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

55 (49; 62)

63 (53.5; 68.5)

61 (60; 68.5)

58.5 (52; 67)

0.093

0.007

Height (cm)

160 (155; 169.7)

160 (154.2; 164)

164 (157.5; 167.5)

163.9 (160; 170.8)

0.192

0.025

BMI

21 (19.1; 23.5)

23.7 (21; 27.6)

23.3 (21.5; 25)

22.2 (18.5; 25)

0.637

< 0.001

Pregnancy

3 (6.1%)

0

0

7 (12.7%)

0.730

0.003

CD4+ T cell/mm3

572 (409; 677)

533 (430.5; 726)

460 (366; 594.5)

928 (741; 1142.8)

< 0.001

< 0.001

CD8+ T cell/mm3

1229 (740; 1683)

988 (763.5; 1304)

834 (657.5; 1130)

591 (387.5; 689.7)

< 0.001

< 0.001

CD4+/CD8+

0.42 (0.23; 0.70)

0.56 (0.38; 0.79)

0.52 (0.33; 0.88)

1.65 (1.21; 2.24)

< 0.001

< 0.001

HIV-1 RNA at timepoint 1 (copies/mL)

108,220 (31,898; 273,650)

33,400 (7288; 105,200)

75 (75; 272.5)

–

–

< 0.001

HIV-1 RNA at screening (copies/ml)

2,752,700 (179,220; 15,078,000)

–

–

–

–

–

Time since HIV-1-diagnosis, days

–

1344 (977; 1737)

1814 (1463; 2302)

–

–

0.018

Time on ART, days

–

–

1257 (678; 1640)

–

–

–

Fiebig stage at screening*

III

24 (49%)

–

–

 

–

–

IV

7 (14.2%)

–

–

 

–

–

V

7 (14.2%)

–

–

 

–

–

VI

11 (22.6%)

–

–

 

–

–

White blood cells

5.8 (4.4; 6.7)

5.2 (4.2; 6.4)

3.7 (3.2; 5)

5.2 (4.4; 6.5)

0.413

< 0.001

Hemoglobin

12.1 (10.9; 13.1)

11.8 (10.4; 12.7)

11.4 (10.8; 12.7)

12.3 (11.6; 13.2)

0.409

0.114

Hematocrite

36.9 (33.5; 39.8)

35.6 (32.7; 38.5)

34.4 (33; 38)

37.7 (34.7; 40.1)

0.320

0.044

Platelets

184.5 (140.7; 230.7)

205 (174.5; 258)

192 (173.5; 216)

226 (185; 265.5)

0.004

0.028

Hepatitis B

4 (8.1%)

2 (2.8%)

3 (11.1%)

1 (1.8%)

0.173

0.125

Syphilis

2 (4.1%)

0

1 (3.7%)

4 (7.3%)

0.682

0.089

Diarrhea, previous week

7 (14.3%)

3 (4.2%)

1 (3.7%)

4 (7.3%)

0.343

0.214

Temperature (°C)

36.3 (36.2; 36.5)

36.4 (36.2; 36.4)

36.4 (36.2; 36.4)

36.2 (36.1; 36.5)

0.956

0.509

Fever, previous 24 h

7 (14.3%)

3 (4.2%)

1 (3.7%)

3 (5.4%)

0.186

0.186

Ritchie test

2 (4.1%)

2 (2.8%)

0

1 (1.81%)

0.600

0.864

Entamoeba hystolitica

2 (4.1%)

6 (8.4%)

1 (3.7%)

2 (3.6%)

1

0.733

Giardia spp

2 (4.1%)

2 (2.8%)

0

5 (9.1%)

0.438

0.236

Cryptosporidium spp

0

2 (2.8%)

0

0

1

0.635

Clostridium difficile

2 (4.1%)

0

1 (3.7%)

1 (1.8%)

0.602

0.458

Strongyloides

1 (2.0%)

0

0

1 (1.8%)

1

0.636

Malaria, prev. month

7 (14.3%)

1 (1.4%)

0

9 (16.4%)

1

< 0.001

Current malaria test

2 (4.1%)

1 (1.4%)

0

0

–

0.071

Malaria test severity

3 (1.5; 3)

4 (4; 4)

NA

NA

–

0.071

  1. Differences in continuous variables were evaluated using ANOVA test (except for the time since HIV-1 diagnosis, which is evaluated using a Student T test). Differences in categorical variables were tested using the Fisher's test. The statistical significance threshold was set to P = 0.05
  2. *Fiebig stage determination at screening visit is described in [30]. Malaria test was only performed in subjects reporting febrile symptoms. Malaria severity is measured in a scale of 1 to 5, from light to severe
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Microbiome

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