The unsolved problem of otitis media in indigenous populations: a systematic review of upper respiratory and middle ear microbiology in indigenous children with otitis media

Coleman, Andrea; Wood, Amanda; Bialasiewicz, Seweryn; Ware, Robert S.; Marsh, Robyn L.; Cervin, Anders

doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0577-2

Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

From: The unsolved problem of otitis media in indigenous populations: a systematic review of upper respiratory and middle ear microbiology in indigenous children with otitis media

Study	Reference	Total no. of participants	Age (years)	Pneumococcal vaccination	Study type				Sample site			Type of OM					Analysis technique
Study	Reference	Total no. of participants	Age (years)	Pneumococcal vaccination	Cross-sectional	Retrospective cross-sectional	Prospective longitudinal	Retrospective longitudinal	Nasopharynx	Nose	Middle ear fluid	AOM	AOMwP	OME	CSOM	All types of OM	Culture	Extended culture	qPCR	Viral testing*	Chlamydia testing^⊥	16S r RNA gene sequencing	Biofilm°
Australian Indigenous
1972, Stuart	[46]	100	5–14	–	✓						✓		✓		✓			✓
1975, Stuart	[45]	219	< 2.5	–			✓				✓		✓					✓
1975, Copeman	[44]	187	< 15	–	✓						✓		✓				✓
1985, Dawson	[55]	131	2–15	–	✓						✓			✓				✓			✓
1994, Leach	[20]	41	< 0.75	–			✓		✓							✓	✓
2003, Couzos	[40]	147	< 15	?	✓						✓				✓			✓
2003, Stuart	[49]	27	1–10	–	✓						✓			✓				✓
2005, Gibney ^	[50]	31	< 8	?			✓		✓		✓	✓	✓				✓
2006, Leach^	[51]	21	< 1.5	α				✓			✓		✓				✓
2007, Ashhurst-Smith	[37]	50	1–10	?	✓						✓			✓				✓	✓
2008, Leach	[43]	97	1–15	–	✓					✓	✓				✓			✓
2008, Leach^	[54]	103	NR	–	✓				✓					✓			✓
2009, Mackenzie^	[52]	148	< 2	α		✓					✓		✓				✓
2010, Morris ^±	[53]	320	0.5–6	?	✓					✓	✓		✓				✓
2011, Binks^	[35]	115	< 2	α				✓	✓			✓	✓	✓					✓
2012, Marsh^±	[56]	27	0.5–4	?		✓			✓		✓		✓						✓
2013, Smith-Vaughan	[48]	51	0.25–3.8	α		✓			✓		✓		✓				✓		✓
2013, Stephen	[42]	89	5–12	?	✓				✓		✓				✓		✓
2012, Sun	[36]	66	< 2	α			✓		✓							✓	✓
2015, Jervis-Bardy	[57]	11	3–10	✓	✓				✓		✓			✓								✓
2015, Leach	[47]	60	< 6	✓	✓						✓		✓		✓		✓
2016, Leach	[16]	651	< 6	✓	✓						✓		✓		✓		✓
Greenlandic Inuit
1996, Homøe	[34]	255	< 10	–	✓				✓		✓	✓	✓					✓		✓	✓
2009, Homøe	[39]	10	2–5	–	✓						✓			✓	✓		✓						✓
Alaskan Inuit
1999, Parkinson	[38]	128	< 5	–	✓						✓			✓				✓

For the longitudinal studies, data included in this review was per specimen, not per child
AOM acute otitis media, AOMwP acute otitis media with perforated tympanic membrane, CSOM chronic suppurative otitis media, OME otitis media with effusion, No number
*Viral testing by qPCR [35] or PCR and immunofluorescent anti-body testing [11], ^⊥Chlamydia spp. testing by qPCR [11] and immunofluorescent anti-body testing [55], °biofilm testing by immersion microscopy Gram-staining, PNA-FISH (for S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, and eubacterial probe) and confocal laser scanning microscopy, ^overlapping participants, ^±overlapping participants, −prior to pneumococcal vaccination being available, ^?vaccination status not reported. ^αPart of the cohort received pneumococcal vaccination, the results were not stratified in relation to vaccination status

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ISSN: 2049-2618

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