Fig. 2

Linear discrimination analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis results comparing the BD and healthy groups. a Histogram of the LDA scores computed for genera differentially abundant between BD subjects and healthy controls. The LDA scores (log10) > 2 are listed. b SparCC network plot of co-abundance and co-exclusion correlations between differentially abundant SRB, BPB, methanogens, and opportunistic pathogens. Each node represents one species, and two nodes are linked if the correlation was significant (two-sided pseudo p ≤ 0.1 based on bootstrapping of 100 repetitions). Lines between nodes show positive correlations (solid lines) or negative correlations (dashed lines). The node size is proportional to the mean relative abundance of species in the enriched population. Nodes were colored as follows: orange, sulfate-reducing bacteria; purple, lactate-producing bacteria; blue, butyrate-producing bacteria; green, methanogens