Gut microbiota trajectory in early life may predict development of celiac disease

Microbiome

Table 1 Characteristics of the infants included in the study

	ID	Type of delivery	^aHLA-DQ genotype	CD diagnosis (months)	Gender	Relatives with CD	Gestation (weeks)	Height (cm) at birth	Weight (g) at birth	Type of feeding at 4 months	Type of feeding at 6 months	Intake of antibiotics
Controls (n = 10)	C1	Vaginal	1		F	Brother	40	52	3730	FF	C + FF
	C2	Vaginal	2		M	Brother	40	51	3750	FF	C + FF
	C3	Vaginal	2		F	Father	40	50	3335	BF	C + BF
	C4	Vaginal	1		F	Mother	39	48	2960	BF	C + FF + BF
	C5	Cesarean	1		M	Mother	38	50	2800	BF	C + BF	Clarithromycin
	C6	Vaginal	2		F	Mother	39	49	2900	FF	C + FF
	C7	Cesarean	2		M	Sister	38	51	3190	BF	C + FF + BF
	C8	Vaginal	1		F	Father	39	49	3890	BF	C + BF
	C9	Vaginal	2		F	Bother	38	50	3610	BF	C + BF
	C10^d	Vaginal	3		M	Mother	40	52	3880	BF	C + BF
^bMean (SE)							39.1 (0.3)	50.2 (0.42)	3405 (133.2)
CD cases (n = 10)	CD1	Vaginal	1	40	F	Mother	36	51	4890	FF	C + FF
	CD2	Vaginal	2	30	M	Sister	40	50	3450	FF	C + FF	Augmentin
	CD3	Vaginal	2	21	M	Brother	37	48	3380	BF	C + SM	Amoxicillin
	CD4	Vaginal	1	27	F	Mother	38	48	3005	BF	C + FF
	CD5	Cesarean	1	16	F	Sister	37	47	2730	BF	C + FF	Amoxicillin
	CD6	Vaginal	2	26	F	Mother	39	49	3200	FF	C + FF	Augmentin
	CD7	Cesarean	1	36	F	Mother	38	50	4360	BF	C + BF
	CD8	Vaginal	1	24	M	Mother + sister	41	50	4170	BF	C + SM	Augmentin
	CD9	Vaginal	2	82	M	Mother + sister	37	48	3030	BF	C + BF
	CD10^d	Vaginal	2	40	F	Mother	40	47	3070	BF	C + BF
^bMean (SE)				34.2 (5.9)			38.3 (0.5)	48.8 (0.44)	3529 (222.7)
^cp value		1.000	0.828	–	1.000	0.258	0.190	0.033	0.6385	1.000	0.172	0.143

BF breastfeeding, FF formula feeding, C complementary feeding (foods other than milk and water), SM soya milk
^aGenetic risk of developing CD was established according to the HLA-DQ genotype (see the “Methods” section for details)
^bData of continuous variables are expressed as mean and standard error of the mean (in brackets)
^cStatistically significant differences between cases and controls were established by applying using a t test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables at p < 0.050
^dNo microbiota analysis available for these samples at 4 months

ISSN: 2049-2618