Fig. 4
From: Resistant starch can improve insulin sensitivity independently of the gut microbiota
Resistant starches improved plasma insulin levels and the index of insulin resistance in conventionalized (CVZ) and germ-free (GF) C3H mice fed experimental diets for 8 weeks. a Plasma insulin levels in 6-h fasted mice. b Plasma glucose levels in 6-h fasted mice. c Index of insulin resistance (IR), also known as HOMA-IR. LFD low-fat diet, WD Western diet, RS2 WD with resistant starch 2, RS4 WD with resistant starch 4. *p < 0.05 versus WD fed mice of the same microbial status (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc tests). Microbial status significantly impacted fasting insulinemia and glycemia (analysis of all eight treatments using two-way ANOVA). Mean ± SEM. N = 7–8