Fig. 3

Human and vervet gut microbiomes react differently to a Western diet. Relative abundances of key a phyla and b genera in humans and vervets consuming non-Western and Western diets. Western humans are from Italy (Schnorr et al. [3]) and the USA (Yatsunenko et al. [2]). Non-Western humans are from Tanzania (Hadza, Schnorr et al. [3]), Venezuela (Guahibo, Yatsunenko et al. [2]), and Malawi (Yatsunenko et al. [2]). Stars indicate significant differences (FDR-corrected p < 0.05) in relative abundances between diets for both humans and vervets. However, Bacteroides relative abundances were not significantly different between diets for vervets