Fig. 3

Associations of plaque-associated bacterial species with host proteomic inflammatory markers. A Microbial species, proteomics PLSDA PCs, and their major contributors. B Associations between microbial species and plaque status, adjusted for proteomics profiles. Data are odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for carotid artery plaque per standard deviation increment of CLR transformed abundance of gut bacterial species, adjusted for age, race, study site, antibiotics use, income, education, BMI, alcohol, smoking status, HIV status, and ART use (model 1) and further adjusted for top 5 proteomics PLSDA PCs (model 2). Abbreviations: PLSDA, partial least square-discriminant analysis