Fig. 2

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation from two pig breeds to germ-free mice on intestinal epithelial barrier function. a–c The serum diamine oxidase activities (a), serum endotoxin levels (b), and serum D-lactic acid levels (c) in pigs (DLY, Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]; CM, Congjiang miniature). d The experimental design of FMT from pigs to GF mice. e–g Serum diamine oxidase activities (e), serum endotoxin levels (f), and serum D-lactic acid levels (g) in the recipient GF mice (CM-R, the recipient GF mice that received the fecal microbiota from Congjiang miniature pigs; DLY-R, the recipient GF mice that received the fecal microbiota from Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire] pigs). h Representative western blotting of ZO-1, E-cadherin, Connexin 43, and β-tubulin in the jejunal epithelium of the recipient GF mice. i–k Quantitation of ZO-1 (i), E-cadherin (j), and Connexin 43 (k) levels normalized to β-tubulin levels. l–n Levels of sIgA in the duodenum (l), jejunum (m), and ileum (n), respectively. o–r Levels of serum IgA (o), IgG (p), IgM (q), and IFN-γ (r), respectively. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM and evaluated using Student’s t-test; n = 8 (a–c); n = 10 (CM-R group in e–g and l–r) and n = 7 (DLY-R group in e–g and l–r); n = 3 (i–k). **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05; ns not significant