Fig. 2
A, B FTIR spectral analysis of raw PS/CS (control) and frass samples from PS-/CS-fed larvae. C, D TGA analysis of frass from PS-/CS-fed larvae [solid lines represent weight curve (left axis), whereas dashed lines represent derivative curve (right axis)]. E, F GC–MS analysis of the frass and intestines of PS-/CS-fed and control PS/CS samples. Compounds in figure (E): 1. benzene, 1,3-dimethyl-(C8H10); 2. tetradecane (C14H30); 3. cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(C10H16); 4. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (C14H22O); 5. octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl) (C26H54); 6. phthalic acid, bis(7-methyloctyl) ester (C26H42O4); 7. undecanoic acid (C11H22O2); 8. pentadecanoic acid (C15H30O2); 9. oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy)propyl ester (C39H76O3); 10. hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (C18H36O2); 11. 3,6-octadecadiynoic acid, (C19H30O2); 12. 11,14-eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester (C21H38O2); compounds in figure (F): 1. tetratetracontane (C44H90); 2. cyclohexane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-octadecyl-(C27H54); 3. eicosane, 2-methyl-(C21H44); 4. phenol, 2,2-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-(C23H32O2); 5. hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C17H34O2); 6. 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (C19H36O2); 7. tetradecanoic acid, methyl tetradecanoate (C15H30O2); 8. decanoic acid (C40H64O8); 9. hexadecanoic acid, octadecyl ester (C34H68O2). G PCA analysis for metabolome of the gut of mealworms under CB-, PS-, CS-fed and unfed conditions (n = 6); Note: QC samples are made by mixing the samples to be tested in equal quantities, used to monitor, and evaluate the stability of the system and the reliability of the experimental data. H Cluster heat maps of differential metabolites in the KEGG pathway. I Hierarchical cluster heat maps of significantly different metabolites. J Relative abundance of key metabolites of PS and CS degradation