Fig. 9

DCA medicated GSDMD dependent pro-inflammatory effect on TNBS-induced colitis. a–h Littermate GSDMD-KO mice given or not given DCA in drinking water were treated with TNBS to induce experimental colitis, as described in Fig. 6a. On day 4, these mice were sacrificed, and their colon tissues were collected for the following analyses. a Survival rates of mice (n = 10) were monitored daily after being administrated with TNBS solution. b Body weight changes of mice (n = 5) were monitored daily after TNBS administration. c Level of abdominal L-012 chemiluminescent signals in mice treated with TNBS were assessed on day 4 after TNBS treatment. d Mice were sacrificed on day 4 after TNBS treatment, and their colon lengths were measured. e Representative images of mouse colon in TNBS, TNBS+DCA groups. f, g Colon sections were histologically assessed. f Histology scores for colonic inflammation were measured. g Representative images of the H&E-stained colon sections of indicated groups (scale bars 100 μm). h Relative mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NOS2 were determined by real-time PCR as normalized to 18s. a, b, d, f, and h Data represent means ± SEM; NS, not significant; by unpaired Student’s t test. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments