Fig. 4

Divergence of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in food fermentations and three other ecosystems. A BiG-SLiCE distance of 2334 BGCs in food fermentations compared with BGCs from the human gut, ocean and soil ecosystems, respectively. The middle black lines in the violin plots are the average BiG-SLiCE distances. ***Represents P < 0.001. B The number of unique BGCs from species present in both food fermentations and other ecosystems and from species specifically present in food fermentations. C Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the BiG-SLiCE distance matrix of BGCs. Shared BGC represents the BGC present in food fermentations and all three ecosystems. Unique BGC represents the BGC present only in food fermentations. Other BGC represents the BGC present in food fermentations and one (or two) other ecosystems. D Distribution of unique BGCs from different BGC types in different food fermentation types. BGCs that are not included in the 8 dominant BGC types are combined and shown in Others