Fig. 4

Different actions of antibiotics targeting the Enterobacteriaceae family on fungal populations after treatment with vancomycin or colistin in human microbiota-associated mice colonized by a fungus. A–B Human microbiota-associated mice treated with NaCl (Ctrl), vancomycin (Vanc), or colistin (Col). Ctrl n = 8, Vanco n = 8, Col n = 8, experiment was done 1 time. C–D Conventional mice colonized by C. albicans treated with Ctrl, Vanco, or Col. Ctrl n = 13, Vanco n = 16, Col n = 5, experiment was done 2 times. A and C Experimental design for the administration of antibiotics in human microbiota-associated mice (A) and mice colonized by a fungus (C). B and D Fungal, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterococcaceae quantity in feces after 10 days of antibiotic treatment, determined by qPCR. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001