Fig. 3

Rhizosphere microbial interkingdom association networks and node-level topological features. A and B Interkingdom co-occurrence networks in the domesticated and wild wheats. Only compositionality-robust (|p|> 0.7) and statistically significant (q<0.01) correlations were shown. The size of each node indicates the relative abundance of each ASV. The color of each node represents the bacteria or fungi taxa. Blue solid lines represent co-presence associations, and red line represents mutual exclusive correlations. The thickness of each link line is proportional to the correlation coefficients of the connections. The keystone taxa and dominant modules for each networks were also shown. C and D Box graphs illustrating the node-level topological features of each networks, including betweenness and degree. Comparison of these two features demonstrating the high degree and low betweenness for the keystone taxa. Bar diagrams showing the proportion of inter- and intra-kingdom edges of positive or negative correlations in the rhizosphere network. The significance of differences between domesticated and wild wheats was determined by Kruskal–Wallis test