Fig. 3

Microbes associated with eels’ activity. a Time series of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) level, and eels’ activity score are shown for each aquaculture tank. b Example of the correlation analysis. For each variable shown in panel b, Spearman’s correlation with the absolute abundance of each ASV in each aquaculture tank was examined. c Randomization analysis of correlation. The significance of correlation coefficients was examined based on a twin-surrogate randomization analysis of time-series data (100,000 permutations). Coefficients less than −0.3 and those larger than 0.3 roughly represent significant negative and positive correlations, respectively. d Each ASV’s correlation with pH and eels’ activity level. e Each ASV’s correlation with DO and eels’ activity level. f Partial correlation with eels’ activity level. To control the effects of pH or DO, a partial correlation between absolute abundance and eels’ activity scores was calculated for each ASV in each tank. g Taxonomic comparison of relationship with eels’ activity level. A partial correlation with eels’ activity level is shown for the genera that appeared in all the aquaculture tanks (shown in the decreasing order of mean values). h Time-lag analysis of correlations. In calculating the partial correlation between eels’ activity level and the absolute abundance of the Cetobacterium ASV (X_0002), a defined time-lag was introduced to the eels’ activity variable