Table 1 Postpartum circulating plasma parameters, systemic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress status, and phenotypic characteristics of transition cows with and without excessive lipolysis (N = 18)

Phenotypic characteristics

 Milk yield, kg/d

35.1

39.0

3.13

0.42

 Parity

2.50

2.11

0.37

0.49

 Body condition score

2.86

2.63

0.11

0.06

Blood parameters

 Alanine aminotransferase, U/L

19.2

17.6

1.22

0.40

 Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L

87.6

135

9.67

0.01

 Total protein, g/L

74.1

68.9

2.08

0.10

 Albumin, g/L

33.1

31.7

0.95

0.31

 Glucose, mmol/L

3.85

3.27

0.09

 < 0.01

 Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L

4.08

4.21

0.37

0.80

 Creatinine, μmol/L

85.4

98.9

5.50

0.12

 Cholesterol, mmol/L

2.72

2.14

0.15

0.06

 Triglyceride, mmol/L

0.11

0.13

0.01

0.43

 β-hydroxybutyrate, μmol/L

566

1158

70.2

 < 0.01

 Nonesterified fatty acid, μmol/L

424

1157

111

 < 0.01

Inflammatory biomarkers

 Haptoglobin, U/L

387

340

28.3

0.26

 Serum amyloid A, μg/mL

41.6

36.0

2.31

0.12

Oxidative stress biomarkers

 Superoxide dismutase, U/mL

184

172

7.87

0.30

 Total antioxidant capacity, mmol/L

0.54

0.52

0.01

0.32

 Catalase, U/mL

1.09

1.12

0.04

0.67

 Glutathione peroxidase, U/mL

30.7

38.6

3.10

0.10

 Malondialdehyde, nmol/mL

3.76

3.13

0.71

0.55