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Fig. 4 | Microbiome

Fig. 4

From: Endogenous small intestinal microbiome determinants of transient colonisation efficiency by bacteria from fermented dairy products: a randomised controlled trial

Fig. 4

Small intestinal microbiota activity associates with the temporary colonisation by PDB. A RDA using FMM determined during the intervention periods involving fermented products (L. rhamnosus and yogurt) is associated with average relative abundance of PDB during the same intervention period (red arrow), displaying top 10 strongest associated pathways (grey arrows) (explained variation: 9.83%, p = 0.004.). B MaAsLin2 analysis confirmed both positive, and negative associations of PDB average abundance with microbiome activity levels of the glycolytic pathway (and expanded this observation to the Stachyose degradation pathway), and various amino acid metabolism pathways, respectively. C Amino acid biosynthesis pathway activity associates with a variety of bacterial families (Pearson correlation), with the notable exception of the Peptostreptococcaceae that is among the three families that negatively correlate with amino acid biosynthesis activity in the FMM. D, E p-creosol glucuronide, microbial metabolites generated through proteolytic fermentation and found in urine, positively correlates with Peptostreptococcaceae relative abundance (E, Spearman rank) and it is found in significant higher amount in subjects with a high Peptostreptococcaceae abundance (high: Peptostreptococcaceae relative abundance > 0.15, Mann-Whitney test, p < .0001)

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