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Table 1 Mean abundance of different clusters and trophic networks per ethnicity and their Spearman ρ correlations with BMI, triglycerides, and α-diversity (Shannon index)

From: Gut microbiome transitions across generations in different ethnicities in an urban setting—the HELIUS study

Cluster/tropic network

Ethnicity

Mean abundance (%)

BMI

Triglycerides

Shannon index

1st gen/

old Dutch

2nd gen/young Dutch

P. copri

Moroccan

14

12.2

0.14(***)

0.067(.)

 − 0.4(***)

Sub-cluster

Turkish

14.6

13

0.13(**)

0.1(*)

 − 0.39(***)

Dutch

5.7

5.7

0.019

0.045(.)

 − 0.045(.)

African Surinamese

7.2

5.7

0.022

0.013

 − 0.053(*)

South-Asian Surinamese

7.7

11.1

 − 0.022

0.0054

 − 0.016

P. stercorea

Moroccan

11.2(.)

9.6(.)

0.11(**)

0.092(**)

 − 0.025

Trophic network

Turkish

8.6(**)

6.6(**)

0.12(**)

0.13(**)

0.011

Dutch

4.4(***)

3.2(***)

0.12(***)

0.028

0.16(***)

African Surinamese

5.8

4.6

0.05(.)

0.0013

0.14(***)

South-Asian Surinamese

5.9

5.5

 − 0.00031

0.00079

0.26(***)

CMO

Moroccan

7.3

7.3

 − 0.067(.)

 − 0.12(***)

0.72(***)

Trophic network

Turkish

6.0(*)

5.0(*)

 − 0.13(**)

 − 0.087(*)

0.72(***)

Dutch

8.7(*)

7.8(*)

 − 0.16(***)

 − 0.11(***)

0.7(***)

African Surinamese

5.9

6.5

 − 0.028

 − 0.11(***)

0.75(***)

South-Asian Surinamese

3.2

3.2

 − 0.033

 − 0.11(**)

0.75(***)

BBB

Moroccan

10.5(***)

12.8(***)

 − 0.14(***)

 − 0.012

 − 0.091(**)

Cluster

Turkish

13.4(***)

18.0(***)

 − 0.11(**)

 − 0.081(.)

 − 0.075(.)

Dutch

14.9(***)

17.5(***)

0.067(**)

0.03

 − 0.37(***)

African Surinamese

19

19.8

 − 0.021

0.017

 − 0.31(***)

South-Asian Surinamese

22.5

21.4

 − 0.022

0.024

 − 0.28(***)

  1. Asterisks denote the following significant p values: (.) ≤ 0.1; (*) ≤ 0.05; (**) ≤ 0.01; (***) ≤ 0.001