Fig. 4

The impact of tick microbiome on pathogenic rickettsial vertical transmission (R. raoultii in D. silvarum; Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae (CRT) in I. persulcatus). The comparison of Shannon index between pathogenic SFG positive (red) and negative (blue) cohorts over all developmental stages of D. silvarum (A) and I. persulcatus (B). The relative abundance of tick microbiome across life stages in pathogenic rickettsiae-negative (C, D) and positive (E, F) cohorts. PCoA analysis of pathogenic rickettsial-positive and rickettsial-negative progenies of D. silvarum (G) and I. persulcatus (H). Histogram of LDA logarithmic scores by the linear discriminant analysis of the effect size (LEfSe analysis) comparing microbiomes in R. raoultii-positive and R. raoultii-negative nymphs of D. silvarum (I) and in CRT-positive and CRT-negative eggs of I. persulcatus (J)