Fig. 2

Structure and composition of the prokaryotic communities in the original soil and after Step 1. a Number of observed species (mean ± s.e.). The letters indicate significantly different statistical groups (Tukey’s test, p value ≤ 0.05). b Relative abundances of the fourteen most abundant classes of prokaryotic community. c Similarity between the control samples and between the control and either the original soil or the removal treatment, based on the Weighted UniFrac distances (mean ± s.e.). The letters indicate significantly different statistical groups (Adonis pairwise comparison, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p value ≤ 0.05)