Fig. 7

K. slooffiae-derived metabolite promotes intestinal epithelial glycolysis mediated by lysine desuccinylation. A, B PCA of metabolites identified in the culture medium and culture supernatant of K. slooffiae in negative ion mode (A) and positive ion mode (B), respectively (Ctrl, Control; KS, K. slooffiae). C Volcano plot analysis of all metabolites. D Relative abundance analysis of 5′-methylthioadenosine in the culture supernatant of K. slooffiae. E, F Representative western blots of lysine-succinylated proteins and β-tubulin in IPEC-J2 cells using a pan-lysine succinylation antibody and an anti-β-tubulin antibody, respectively (E). Quantification of lysine-succinylated proteins levels normalized to β-tubulin levels (F). G cAMP levels in IPEC-J2 cells. H Sirtuins (SIRTs) activity in IPEC-J2 cells. I–K Glucose consumption (I), lactate production (J), and ATP content (K) in IPEC-J2 cells. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM and evaluated by one-way ANOVA with adjustment for multiple comparisons in F (n = 3) and G–K (n = 6). Data were assessed by VIP ≥ 1 from the OPLS-DA, absolute Log2 (fold-change) ≥ 1, and p-value < 0.05, in C and D (n = 6). **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05