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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants at baseline

From: Sputum bacterial load and bacterial composition correlate with lung function and are altered by long-term azithromycin treatment in children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease

Characteristics

AZM arm

N = 173

Placebo arm

N = 174

Demographic characteristics

 Age in years, median (IQR)

14.7 (12.6–16.8)

15.8 (13.0–18.1)

 Female sex, no. (%)

80 (46.2)

90 (51.7)

 Currently in school, no. (%)a

146 (84.5)

139 (79.9)

 Site: Zimbabwe, no. (%)

120 (69)

121 (70)

HIV characteristics

 Duration on ART in years, median (IQR)

5.9 (3.8–9.0)

6.4 (3.9–8.2)

 HIV viral load suppression, < 1000 copies/ml, no. (%)

102 (59.0)

94 (54.0)

 CD4 count category, >200 cells/μl, no. (%)

157 (91)

156 (89.7)

 Antiretroviral regimen NNRTI, no. (%)a

127 (73)

131 (75)

Lung function

 FEV1 z-score, median (IQR)

-1.94 (-2.5, -1.4)

-2.0 (-2.4, -1.5)

Clinical characteristics

 Underweight, no. (%)b

98 (56.6)

83 (47.7)

 Stunted, no. (%)c

95 (54.9)

80 (46.0)

 History of TB, no. (%)a

58 (33.6)

39 (22.4)

 Admitted for chest problems in last year, no. (%)

3 (1.7)

3 (1.7)

 MRC dyspnoea score

  

  1

89 (51)

96 (55)

  2

64 (37)

62 (36)

  3

12 (7)

11 (6.3)

  4

7 (4)

4 (2.3)

  5

1 (1)

1 (1)

 Cotrimoxazole prophylaxisa

157 (92)

156 (90)

dSputum culture

 Streptococcus pneumoniae, no. (%)

43 (26)

38 (23)

 Staphylococcus aureus, no. (%)

51 (31)

46 (28)

 Haemophilus influenzae, no. (%)

4 (2)

7 (4)

 Moraxella catarrhalis, no. (%)

15 (9)

15 (9)

 Any of the four bacteria above, no. (%)

82 (49)

79 (48)

Sputum total bacterial load

 Sputum bacterial count (16S copy numbers in log10), median (IQR)

5.0 (4.45–5.45)

4.93 (4.41–5.54)

Sputum bacteriome alpha diversity

 Shannon-Wiener diversity, median (IQR)

3.0 (2.5–3.3)

3.0 (2.4 –3.4)

 Observed Taxon richness, median (IQR)

29 (22–35)

29 (23–36)

eSputum bacteriome within-arm beta diversity

 Aitchison distance, median (IQR)

34.2 (30.9–37.5)

35.0 (32.0–38.3)

 Bray-Curtis index, median (IQR)

0.69 (0.57–0.83)

0.71 (0.59–0.84)

  1. aMissing value: currently attending school – n = 1 AZM arm; antiretroviral regimen – n = 1, placebo arm; history of TB – n = 1, AZM arm; cotrimoxazole prophylaxis – n = 2, AZM arm
  2. bWeight-for-age-z-score < − 2
  3. cHeight-for-age-z-score < –2, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; participants with missing responses are excluded from that variable
  4. dNumber of sputum samples is 166 (AZM) and 164 (placebo)
  5. IQR interquartile range, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
  6. eCompared using PERMANOVA test
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Microbiome

ISSN: 2049-2618

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