Skip to main content
Fig. 4 | Microbiome

Fig. 4

From: Perturbed gut microbiome and fecal and serum metabolomes are associated with chronic kidney disease severity

Fig. 4

CKD severity-related changes of gut microbiome summarized in KO genes and KEGG pathways. Representative KO genes are shown in pathway modules modified from KEGG pathway maps “arginine and proline metabolism,” “arachidonic acid metabolism,” “ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis,” and “glutathione metabolism.” Except for the ubis, each box in a pathway represents a KO gene and is highlighted in red for elevation or in blue for depletion at any of CKD groups. The ubis included ubiC, ubiF, ubiG, ubiH, and ubiI genes. Bar plots show the relative abundance of KO genes and corresponding microorganism within each of the four groups, respectively. GSSG, glutathione disulfide; LTB4, leukotriene B4; α-KG, α-ketoglutaric acid; and TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle. mod-CKD, moderate CKD; ESRD, end-stage renal disease

Back to article page