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Fig. 1 | Microbiome

Fig. 1

From: Perturbed gut microbiome and fecal and serum metabolomes are associated with chronic kidney disease severity

Fig. 1

Alterations of gut microbial constructions in CKD. A Overview of the workflow for the metagenomic and metabolomic strategy used in this study. Comparison of α-diversity by B Chao1 and C Shannon indices using ANOVA in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy controls (HC). D Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity metric showed a significant difference in the gut microbial composition among CKD groups and HC. Statistical significance and variance of Bray–Curtis dissimilarity data were assessed using PERMANOVA. The distribution of top 20 E phyla, F family, and G genera detected in different phenotypic subgroups. The relative abundances of microbiota at different levels were assessed for significant elevation or depletion in each of the CKD groups with Mann–Whitney U-test, compared to the HC (+ , elevation with P < 0.05,—, depletion with P < 0.05). mod-CKD, moderate CKD; ESRD, end-stage renal disease

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