Fig. 2

Prophage- and CRISPR-based bacteria-phage association analyses. A Stacked barplots showing the distribution of temperate virus and lytic virus in gut virome in both the groups. B The comparison of α-diversity of temperate virome between CCHD and HC groups, as assessed by using the Shannon and Chao indexes at the family level (Wilcoxon rank sum test). C Distribution of host-related bacterial classifications for the prophages detected in the CCHD and HC groups. D Viral taxonomic distribution of prophages detected from each bacterial phylum in the CCHD and HC groups. E Distribution of viral gene categories of Siphoviridae detected from Enterococcus contigs in CCHD group (annotated by Pfam database). F An example of an Enterococcus contig, in which the partial sequence of a viral contig was found as a prophage. G The distribution of detected CRISPR spacers associated with bacterial taxa at classes level in the CCHD and HC groups. H Venn plot showing the common and specific CRISPR spacers in the bacteriomes between CCHD and HC groups, with bar plots showing the number of viral families targeted by CRISPR spacers. I Venn plot showing the CRISPR spacers targeting Siphoviridae in the CCHD and HC groups, with bar plots showing the number of CRISPR spacers in the bacterial genera. J Network plot depicting the infectious relationships between bacteriophages and host bacteria, inferred from CRISPR-based bacteria–phage association analysis. Nodes are colored according to differential abundance results. The edge thickness indicates range of P values (P < 0.05). **P < 0.01. CCHD, critical congenital heart disease; HC, healthy control; CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats