Fig. 3

Clostridium symbiosum increases in learned helpless mice compared to unstressed mice or non-learned helpless mice. Mice were subjected or not (NS) to the learned helplessness paradigm and divided in 2 groups: learned helpless (LH) (these mice failed to escape > 15/30 trials) and non-learned helpless (NLH) mice. Fecal relative 16S expressions of 11 Th17 cell inducing bacteria were analyzed by q-PCR. Each symbol represents an individual mouse. Data are means ± SEM. n = 9–17 mice/group, one-way ANOVA F(2, 33) = 3.334, Tukey post hoc analysis *p < 0.05