Table 1 MME techniques yield data sets with common structures, and often, limitations
Common techniques | 0-inflated | No N | Compositional | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Genomics: The system-wide identification and quantification of DNA sequences and the encoded functions in an organism or population [2]. | High throughput sequencing | (+) | ||
Transcriptomics: The system-wide identification and quantification of the RNA transcripts in an organism or population [3]. | High throughput sequencing, microarrays | + | + | + |
Proteomics: The use of quantitative protein-level measurements of gene translation to characterize biological processes and decipher the mechanisms of gene expression control [4]. | Mass spectrometry | + | + | |
Metabolomics: The systematic identification and quantification of metabolites (small molecule substrates, intermediates, products of cell metabolism) in an organism or population [5].. | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry | + | (+) | |
Metabarcoding: The large-scale identification and quantification of variation of diversity in an environmental sample in terms of a specific genomic region (DNA) [6]. | High throughput amplicon sequencing | ++ | + | + |
Metagenomics: Large-scale identification and quantification of all DNA in an environmental sample [7]. | High throughput shotgun metagenomic sequencing | ++ | + | |
Metatranscriptomics: Large-scale identification and quantification of all RNA transcripts in an environmental sample [8] | High throughput RNA sequencing, (microarrays) | ++ | + | |
Metaproteomics: Large-scale identification and quantification of the entire protein complement from an environmental sample [9]. | Mass spectrometry | ++ | + | |
Meta-metabolomics: Large-scale identification and quantification of small molecules from an environmental sample [10]. | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry | + | + |