Fig. 5

Core rice endophytic microbiota and vertically transmitted taxa. a Venn diagram showing that 14 ASVs that coexist in the rice endosphere compartments (root, stem, and offspring seed) at a frequency threshold of 70%. b Venn diagram showing that 10 ASVs that are vertically transmitted from the parental seeds (seed-P) to the offspring rice endosphere (endo) at a frequency threshold of 100%. Taxonomy of the ASVs is listed in Supplementary Table 7. c Absolute abundance of 10 vertical transmission ASVs in each microhabitat. Sequencing number in ASV table was summed up on microhabitat level with every single replicates. Y-axis was log transformed, and statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA, Brown-Forsythe, and Welch tests. Letters represent the statistical differences at the 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05). Detailed data is presented in Supplementary Table 7.