Fig. 2

Overview of the statistically significant associations between microbial diversity and load and cognitive CANTAB outcomes. The association is shown between bacterial and fungal diversity indices (Chao1 richness and Shannon index) and Gram-negative bacterial, Gram-positive bacterial, and Fungal load and two cognitive CANTAB latency outcomes (Big/Little Circle (BLC) assessing attention and psychomotor speed and Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS) assessing visual recognition memory). Regression coefficients and 95% CI are given in units or as percentage change and expressed for an IQR increase in microbial diversity, or for 2-fold increase in microbial load. Diversity-specific IQRs are given in the x-axis. Models were adjusted for child’s sex, age, maternal education, time of examination, sampling duration, and urbanicity