Fig. 10

Gut dysbiosis aggravates E. coli-induced mastitis by reducing ALP. A–C M-RMT aggravates E.coli-induced mastitis in mice. Mice underwent RMT as mentioned above, and E.coli was administered to construct the mastitis model. A, B Representative H&E-stained mammary sections (A) (scale bar, 50 μm) and histological scores (B) (n = 6). C Mammary E. coli detection showed that E. coli-treated M-RMT had a higher E. coli burden in the mammary gland (n = 6). D–I Treatment with cIAP and zanamivir ameliorates E. coli-induced mastitis in mice. D, E Representative H&E-stained mammary sections (D) (scale bar, 50 μm) and histological scores (E) from differently treated mice (n = 6). F Mammary E. coli loads in differently treated mice (n = 6). Mammary TNF-α (G), IL-1β (H), and MPO (I) levels in the indicated groups were determined (n = 6). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (B, C, E–I) and one-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey’s test (B, C, E–I). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 indicate significance. ns, no significance