Fig. 9

Amelioration of intestinal microbiota imbalance in rats by Akkermansia. a PCoA diagram showing the β-diversity of the intestinal microbiota among the three groups. b, c α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota. d Relative abundance of intestinal microbiota constituents at the phylum level. e Analysis of the differences in the intestinal microbiota by LEfSe. f Spearman’s correlation analysis of the relationship of the intestinal microbiota with LPS and SCFAs. Negative and positive correlations are denoted in blue and red, respectively. g–i Acetate, propionate and butyrate levels in plasma, respectively. j–l Acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations in faeces, respectively. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc test). #P < 0.25, ##P < 0.1, *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.001, ****P< 0.0001