Fig. 5

B. longum_MG723 and B. bifidum_MG731 ameliorate HFD-induced obesity in germ-free mice model. a Study design for animal works using HFD-fed germ-free mice treated with B. longum_MG723 and B. bifidum_MG731. b Relative abundance of B. longum and B. bifidum in HFD-fed germ-free mice (n = 6 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. c Body weight curves of HFD-fed germ-free mice treated with vehicle, B. longum_MG723 or B. bifidum_MG731 (n = 6 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. d Wet weights of iWAT and liver (n = 6 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. e Representative brown adipose tissue (BAT) histological section images. Scale bar, 100 μm. f Gene expression profiles of thermogenesis and β-oxidation in BAT (n = 6 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. g Gene expression profiles involved in inflammatory responses in inguinal adipose tissues (n = 6 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. h Representative liver histological section images. Scale bar, 50 μm. i Hepatic gene expression profile involved in lipid and gluconeogenesis determined by qPCR (n = 6 per group). Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. For all graph, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001